A Best Fiber Optical Cable Manufacturer in China since 2000

Properties of an optical fiber

optical fiber is a key component in a fiber optical cable, and fiber attenuation is a most important factor;

The main factors that cause fiber attenuation include: intrinsic, bending, squeezing, Impurities, unevenness, and Fiber splicing.

Intrinsic: refers to the inherent loss of optical fibers, including Rayleigh scattering, inherent，Absorption, etc; Bending: When the fiber is bent, some of the light inside the fiber will be lost due to scattering; Loss caused by falling; Squeezing: Damage caused by slight bending of optical fibers when squeezed; Impurity: The light absorbed and scattered by impurities in a fiber that propagates in the fiber;  Fiber splicing ,The loss generated during fiber optic splicing; This puts forward high requirements for the manufacturing processes of various optical fiber manufacturers, such as how to control the attenuation of optical fibers well.

One or more optical fibers housed in a loose tube or a tight-buffed tubes that forms an optical unit and one or more optical units stranded or centralized in circle way, with an outer sheath by using PE, FRPE or LSZH, and in hazardous applications, one or two armoring layers applied to protect the cable properly and aramid yarn/Kevlar to strengthen cable tensile strength for a large span length when it required.

In China, the “East Data West Computing” project ,through our built-up fiber telecommunication & power grid infrastructure, it efficiently connect the huge computing demand in the east and rich power resources in the west, made it possible & feasible.

Future development of the industry of fiber optical cables.

1. * * 5G and the Internet of Things * *:  5G base stations relyon fiber optic cable to transmit huge of data & information, and intelligentcities & communities, Industry of AI, new data centers, all need the support of this ultra-low latency network.
2. * * Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) * *: By using multi-core optical fibers to increase single cable capacity, it breaks through existing bandwidth bottlenecks.
3. * * Quantum Communication * *: Fiber optic is the core carrier of quantum key distribution (QKD), for information security.

In accordance with the industry predictions, the market for fiber optical cable is expected over 10 billion US dollars by 2025, Driven by quantum computing, 6G telecommunication network, new data centers and AI-driven industries,  the boundaries of speed, security, and connectivity will be pushed forward again & again. By 2030, experts predict that the global market for fiber optic cables will be more than $150 billion.

Installation Guide for Fiber Optical Cable

The main methods of laying Fiber optical cables include pipeline laying, direct burial laying, overhead laying, and underwater laying.

1.Before laying the optical fiber cable, the model, specification, and material of the cable should be checked to ensure that they meet the requirements of the design documents and have quality certification documents.

2.Visual inspection to the fiber optic cable need to be done before install the cables. The surface of the insulation layer should be flat, uniform in color, and undamaged. The A/B (head and tail) ends should be well sealed. The optical fiber bundle is composed of different colored optical fibers, and the colored yarn with full color identification should be spiral wound outside. The color code (or full color code) should be clear and complete.

3.When laying optical fiber cables on the ground, they should be laid in designated cable tray areas or independent protective pipes according to the design documents; When laying optical cables underground, the protective tube (bundle) and cable well should be cleaned to ensure cleanliness and smoothness; When laying optical cables in the control room, they should be laid in independent cable trays.

4. We need to follow the minimal bending radius of a fiber optical cable when install these fiber optical cable, other pulled them brutally. When laying optical cables, the bending radius of the cable should not be less than 20 times the outer diameter of the cable. When threading the protective tube, steel wire should be used for guidance and talcum powder should be applied.

5.Plan the direction of cable laying to minimize distance, branching, and cable joints, and ensure tight connections;

6. It is best to use a single bus method, connected by a unified communication trunk through a branching device, and not laid in a radial star shape;

7. The number and distance of branch points on both sides of the main control station (for systems with a main control station) should be as consistent as possible, which can better ensure the matching of network impedance;

7.1 The branching device should be as close as possible to the control station or operation station;

7.2 Both ends of the network should be connected to a 75 Ω terminal resistor or terminator;

7.3 The distance between fiber optical cables and high-voltage cables should be at least 40cm/kV, and if necessary, they should be vertically crossed;

7.4 Avoid parallel laying with power lines and try to avoid large inductive electrical equipment;

7.5 Avoid areas prone to high temperatures and chemical pollution without damaging the shielding layer of the cable.

8. Requirements for fiber optic fusion and termination for fiber optic cable

8.1 The principle that optical fiber splicing should follow is: when the number of cores is equal, it should be connected to the corresponding colored optical fibers in the bundle tube. When the number of cores is different, the larger number of cores should be connected first, and then the smaller number of cores should be connected in sequence.

8.2  But in engineering, fusion welding is mostly used. The use of this fusion method results in low contact loss, high reflection loss, and high reliability.

Before fiber optic fusion, it is necessary to first prepare necessary operating equipment, tools, and materials such as fiber stripping pliers, cutting knives, fusion splicers, heat shrink sleeves, alcohol cotton, etc. to check whether the power supply of the fusion splicer is sufficient and whether all materials are complete. Then, remove the length of the optical fiber outer sheath, steel wire, and other optical fibers to be fusion spliced, and find the corresponding optical fibers that need to be fusion spliced. After making sufficient preparations in the early stage, prepare the end face according to the requirements The four steps of fiber fusion, fiber sorting, and quality inspection are carried out one by one.

9. Operation process of fiber optic fusion and fiber optic cable termination

9.1 The steps of fiber optic fusion include: fiber optic stripping, bare fiber cleaning, bare fiber cutting, fiber optic fusion,Fiber sorting and fiber testing.

9.2 Before fiber fusion, the fiber should be tested and comply with the provisions of the product technical documents;

9.3 Fiber optic fusion should be carried out in the order of fiber optic arrangement one by one and marked accordingly; When welding, the operation should be carried out according to the process methods specified in the product technical documents, and special equipment should be used for welding;

9.4 The optical fiber shall not be damaged or broken during the fiber fusion operation; The entire optical fiber fusion process should be completed continuously;

9.5 After fiber fusion, the fiber should be tested and comply with the provisions of the product technical documents; At the same time, keep records.

10. Precautions

10.1 The core of optical fiber is made of quartz glass, which is very easy to break. Therefore, it is never allowed to exceed the minimum bending radius during construction bending.

10.2 In order to meet the bending radius and tensile strength, the optical cable is usually wound on a reel during construction. In order to rotate the reel and pull out the optical cable, the reel can be installed on a dedicated bracket. The bending radius of the optical cable should be at least 15 times the outer diameter of the cable (referring to static bending, dynamic bending requires no less than 30 times).

10.3 Based on the situation of the optical cables transported to the construction site and in combination with the actual engineering situation, a reasonable combination of cable trays and cable laying sequence should be made, and the cable tray length should be fully utilized. During construction, it is advisable to lay the entire tray to reduce intermediate joints, and the optical cables should not be arbitrarily cut. The joint position of directly buried optical cables should be arranged in flat terrain and stable foundation areas.