Fiber optic communication refers to a method of transmitting information using light and optical fibers, which belongs to wired communication. After modulation, light can carry information. optical fiber communication lines have become the main wired communication method today. The information to be sent is input into the transmitter at the sending end, and the information is superimposed or modulated onto a carrier that serves as the information signal carrier. Then, the modulated carrier is sent to a distant receiving end through the transmission medium, and the original information is demodulated by the receiver.
The fiber optic network that we are familiar with is basically the type of home broadband access. Unlike previous ISDN and ADSL in the telephone line era, fiber optic internet access has greatly improved in terms of speed and connection quality in an optical fiber communication.
In general, what everyone can see is basically this type of connecting wire called Pigtail fiber, also known as pigtail , has only one end with a connector, while the other end is a bare end of an optical cable core, which is connected to other optical cable cores through fusion. It often appears in the fiber optic terminal box and is used to connect the optical cable to the fiber optic transceiver (couplers, patch cord fiber cable are also used between them). this is only one product used in an optical fiber communication system, there still have some more products used in it, like network switch, SFP module, PLC splitter, fiber optic patch panel and network cabinet etc.
No matter what type of fiber you see, its material is made of plastic or glass fibers that can transmit light, using the “total reflection of light” transmission principle to transmit data signals. Light itself is an electromagnetic wave, but the frequency of this electromagnetic wave is relatively high (i.e. the wavelength is very short), but it cannot reach X-rays γ The strong penetration of electromagnetic waves with extremely short wavelengths such as X-rays (concrete wall lead-filled series) allows for almost complete reflection with a very thin reflective layer, greatly reducing signal loss during transmission in an optical fiber communication system.
Now the fastest transmission speed with data available in an optical fiber communication system is that France Telecom Alcatel-Lucent and BT measured that the transmission speed reached 1.4 Tb/s in the experiment. As for why multi-channel data can be transmitted at high speed, it mainly depends on multiplexing technology.
Multiplexing technologies include: Frequency-division multiple access (FDM), Time-division multiplexing (TDM), Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Space-division multiple access (SDMA). What’s going on with each technology? please take a look below:
Time-division multiplexing: In an optical fiber communication system, When the data transmission rate reached by the channel is greater than the sum of the data transmission rates of each channel signal, the time of using the channel can be divided into time slices (time slots), and these time slices can be allocated to each channel signal according to certain rules. Each channel signal can only transmit in its own time slice, so the signals will not interfere with each other.
Frequency-division multiple access: In an optical fiber communication system, When the channel bandwidth is greater than the total bandwidth of each signal, the channel can be divided into several sub channels, and each sub channel is used to transmit a signal. Alternatively, it means dividing frequencies into different frequency bands, where signals from different channels are transmitted within different frequency bands without affecting each other, so signals from different channels can be transmitted simultaneously. This is Frequency-division multiple access (FDM).
Wavelength division multiplexing: It is a variant of FDM applied to fiber optic channels.
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA): This technology is commonly used in mobile communication, where different mobile stations (or phones) can use the same frequency, but each mobile station (or phone) is assigned a unique “code sequence” that is different from all other “code sequences”, so there is no interference between users. Because it relies on different “code sequences” to distinguish different mobile stations (or phones), it is called “Code Division Multiple Access” (CDMA) technology.
Space-division multiple access (SDMA): This technology uses space division to form different channels. For example, using multiple antennas on a satellite, the beams of each antenna are directed towards different areas on the Earth’s surface. Earth stations in different regions on the ground will not interfere with each other at the same time, even if they operate at the same frequency.
Space-division multiple access (SDMA) is a channel capacity increase method, which can realize the reuse of frequency and make full use of frequency resources. Space-division multiple access can also be compatible with other multiple access modes, so as to realize combined multiple access technologies, such as space division code division multiple access (SD-CDMA).
PowerTel & his dedicated engineers are able to provide you a package solution to your optical fiber communication system, from initial technical consulting, value engineering design, package supply of materials, construction & installation to final testing & commissioning.